Hi,
Tax loopholes are where the law may not properly provide certainity on the tax treatment which gives individuals and/or companies the opportunity to use ''loopholes'' for the purpose of avoiding tax.
Our guidance on tax avoidance is covered here:
Introduction to tax avoidance
Tax avoidance: detailed information
We can't specifically comment on the circumstances you describe, as to whether these are legal loopholes or tax avoidance schemes
Thank you.