Got a tax rebate but now I owe tax

I was sent a letter telling me I was owed a £1.3k tax rebate (great!) at the end of the 22/23 tax year. I had 2 months of unemployment in Nov/Dec due to redundancy so this was expected. I received the rebate not long after. However, I have more recently received another letter telling me I actually owe £2.3k in income tax (including paying back the £1.3k I was already refunded). I have called but am automatically told "we cannot help you at this time" before it hangs up. I can see the maths behind the request, but before I pay it I want to understand why I can go from having a refund to now owing tax? I've just had my 2nd redundancy in 7 months (November and again in May), and the rebate really helped with my mortgage payment, so now owing £2.3k is very unhelpful in every possible way. Thanks, Oli

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