Hi,
You have 4 years from the end of a tax year, to claim losses on income or capital gains and this must be done in writing, when not claimed in a tax return. Where the 4 years have elapsed and losses have not been claimed, it is then too late to claim for them.
When completing your tax return to declare the gain, please include separately, a claim for losses for those earlier years, along with supporting evidence, such as calculations. This will need to be reviewed separately from your tax return, to ensure that they are allowable. You can see guidance on losses here:
HS227 Losses (2024)
Thank you.