Hi,
You will only be eligible to pay class 2 National Insurance contributions from the date your self-employment started, therefore if you were self-employed for 30 weeks in the 2022-2023 tax year, you will only be able to pay 30 weeks class 2 National Insurance contributions.
If you want to make that year a qualifying year for pension purposes, you would pay the extra 22 weeks at the voluntary class 3 rate which is currently £15.85 per week.
Before paying any voluntary National Insurance contributions, you should always check with the Pension Service, that paying them will benefit you. Further information on paying voluntary National Insurance contributions can be found here:
Voluntary National Insurance: Gaps in your National Insurance record
You can make amendments to your tax return up to the deadline date (31/01/2024), but as explained above, you will not be able to increase the amount of weeks class 2 National Insurance contributions, this is calculated by the number of weeks that you were actually self-employed.
Thankyou.